F 



- iz 



73. 



Facts About 




Her HxKibits at tKe 
L^ouisiana PurcHase 
Hxposition, St. Lo\xis 
1904 J^ 




Gass- 


Yh^L 


Rnnk 


^^'13 _ 





<l 



f oh7 



TENNESSEE 



i-^P 



WORLD'S FAIR COMMISSION 



} 





COMMIS^?>iO^ 


iERS 
Chair 






Gov. J. B. Fraziek 


II a 71 


1st Dist. J. H. Caldwell 




Bristol 


2d 


' A. M. SOULE 




Knoxville 


3d 


' E. Watkins 




Chattanoog-a 


4th ' 


' John F. M'Nutt 




Crossville 


5th ' 


' J. M. Shoffner 




Shelby vi lie 


Cth ' 


• E. C. Lewis 




Nashville 


7th ' 


' Jno. W. Fry 




Columbia 


8th • 


' Hu. C. Anderson 




Jackson 


9th ' 


' Thos. W. Nkal 




Dyersburg- 


lOth ' 


' I. F. Peters 




Memphis 




Mrs. J. P. Smartt, Chattanoog-a 




Mrs. Mary C. Dorkis, 


Nashv 


lie 




Mrs. a. S. Buchanan 


Memphis 



SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR OF EXHIBITS 

B. A. ENLOE, JACKSON, TENN. 

ASSISTANT SECRETARY 

D. F. WALLACE, JR., SMITHVILLE, THNIM. 



Nashville: 

Press of Foster & Webb. 

1904. 



I 






Tennessee Exhibits 



Attention is directed to the Tennessee Exhibits 
at the St. Louis Exposition, located as follows : 

1. Tennessee State Building-, a reproduction 
of The Hermitag-e, the home of Andrew Jackson, 
the seventh President of the United States, near In- 
tramural Station No. 11. 

2. Collective ag-ricultural exhibit, space 109, 
Palace of Agriculture. 

3. Special tobacco exhibit, space 110, Palace of 
Ag-riculture. 

4. Palace of Horticulture, spaces 8 and 11. 

5. Palace of Forestr5% space 24. 

6. Palace of Education, space 63. 

7. Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, space 63. 

8. Mining Gulch, near station 12/^ on Intra- 
mural Railwa3^ 

9. Administration Building, north wing-, sec- 
tion of Anthropolog-y. 



3 OCT 1905 
D. otD, 



Facts About Tennessee 



Tennessee had a population of 2,020,616 in 1900. 

The Tennessee, the Cumberland, the Mississippi Rivers 
and their tributaries furnish about 2,700 miles of navigable 
waters, and these streams, supplemented by over 3,000 miles 
of railroad, furnish ample transportation facilities and 
bring the primary markets of the State in touch with the 
markets of the world. 

Still other railroad lines are projected and in process of 
construction, which will open up vast forests, great coal 
fields, rich agricultural sections, and give a fresh impetus 
to her progress and add millions of dollars to her material 
wealth. The spirit of progress in the matter of good roads 
is abroad in the State, and the rural free delivery mail ser- 
vice is being rapidly extended, with all the concomitants 
of progress and enlightenment. The contact with steel 
rails and electric wires is quickening whole communities 
into new life, and schools and churches, homes and facto- 
ries are springing up all along the highways of progress. 
Yet old as her civilization is, standing as she does in the 
front rank of educational progress in the South, with all 
of her schools and churches and factories, with all of her 
treasure of mine and field and forest, with all of her rail- 
roads and telegraphs and telephones, Tennessee is still 
in the infancy of her material development. Her great 
natural resources have scarcely been more than touched. 
She has the soil, she has the water, and she has the seasons 
that enable her people to produce at home almost every 

( 3 ) 



important crop mentioned in the census schedule and ev- 
erything that is absolutely essential to the support of an 
enlightened people. There is no State in the Union where 
the cost of living, one year with another, is so reasonable, 
on account of the variety and abundance of her home prod- 
ucts. Her people are exempt from the extremes of heat 
and cold, exempt from the enervating heat of the Gulf 
States and the bitter blasts of the Eastern Atlantic Coast, 
exempt from the humid atmosphere of the South Atlantic 
Coast and the scorching breath of the arid regions of the 
West. Tennessee is the land of the happy medium. Her 
mountains and her hills, her table-lands and her valleys 
are covered with native grasses that fatten vast flocks and 
herds. The limpid waters gush forth to fructify the soil 
from beds of coal and iron, marble and granite, and copper 
and zinc; while untold v/ealth still lies sleeping beneath 
the surface of her soil awaiting the touch of the magic 
hand of industry to bring it to light. Considering her nat- 
ural advantages and properly estimating her present op- 
portunities, her lands can be secured at comparatively low 
prices. It requires no seer to see that Tennessee, with her 
immense coal fields; with mines of iron ore of incalculable 
value and extent; with the finest marble beds in the world; 
with her great coke industry; with her vast deposits of 
phosphate, zinc, barytes, copper, and lithograph stone; with 
her soil and climate; with her advantages as a stock-grow- 
ing State; with her great water power; with her rivers 
and her railroads; with her advantages in agriculture and 
in manufacturing, must, and will, sooner or later, enter 
the front rank of the great industrial and commercial 
States. 

Natural Divisions 

There are well-denned natural divisions in this wonder- 
fully diversified State, which will be readily recognized by 
the student of her geography, soil, and climate. 

( 4) 



The Unafcas 

The Unaka range of mountains forms the eastern bor- 
der of the State, its loftiest peaks rising 6,000 feet above 
the level of the sea. The counties of Johnson, Carter, 
Washington, Greene, Cocke, Sevier, Blount, Monroe, Mc- 
Minn, and PoJk touch upon and are partially included 
in this range, which covers an area of 2,000 square miles. 
The smiling valleys and nestling coves in this section are 
very rich and productive, and the range for stock is good. 
Mining, stock raising, and agriculture are the principle in- 
dustries. Iron, copper, marble, and timber are among the 
valuable products. Corn, wheat, pork, and the grasses are 
the staple products of the farm. 

The Valley of East Tennessee 

This valley, viewed from the Unakas, presents a pan- 
orama of singular beauty. It is rich in minerals, and is 
a splendid agricultural country, v/here grain and grasses, 
fruits and vegetables yield an abundant revenue to the 
husbandman. The fertile valleys are watered by numer- 
ous streams, while the rainfall and the climate make it an 
ideal farming country. As a stock-raising section it is 
unsurpassed. The farmers raise wheat, corn, oats, hay, 
cattle, horses, mules, hogs, fruit, vegetables, a,nd poultry 
for the market. It is also a fine country for dairying, 
and in some portions of it considerable attention is given 
to this branch of agriculture. Mining and manufactur- 
ing industries are multiplying and furnishing larger and 
better home markets for the products of the soil. No other 
section of the State enjoys a greater degree of general 
prosperity than this section; in fact, this may be said of 
all that grand division of the State known as "East Ten- 
nessee." 

( 5) 



The Cumbefland Tableland 

Adjoining this valley on the west lies the Cumberland 
Table-land, covering an area of 5,100 square miles, rich 
beyond estimate in coal and iron and bearing upon the 
surface fortunes in timber and agricultural opportunities. 
The mountain grasses grow in wild luxuriance, furnish- 
ing pasture enough from April to November to fatten 
all the sheep and cattle it would require to supply the 
whole State v/ith meat. Thousands of cattle and hogs 
annually fatten on the range, requiring no other feed and 
no care, except to keep them from straying from their 
owners. 

The climate has made this section famous as a sum- 
mer resort for invalids. It is a fine fruit-growing sec- 
tion. Apples are a sure crop and of unsurpassed qual- 
ity. Large quantities of this fruit are dried and shipped 
to market every year. Pears, quinces, grapes, cherries, 
strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and all 
kinds of cantaloupes and melons grow to perfection in 
this region. It olfers extraordinary attractions for those 
who may desire to engage in fruit growing and stock 
raising in a most delightful climate, where good health 
always figures in the profits of the business. Lands suit- 
able for fruit growing and stock raising are remarkably 
cheap. The wild pea, the hog pea, beggar lice, and other 
leguminous plants flourish; and various native grasses are 
spontaneous. Herd's grass and orchard grass grow well 
in various parts of this section. Indian corn, wheat, and 
buckwheat yield well in some localities; cabbage, beans, 
peas, onions, and sweet potatoes are profitable crops; 
while the Irish potato grows to perfection. Honeybees 
thrive in the wild state, and bee keeping is a profitable 
industry for those who engage in it. 

Extensive developments in the coal fields are in progress, 

( 6 ) 



and the opportunities for profitable investments in timber 
and coal lands in this section are abundant. 

The Highland Rim 

This rim, 9,300 square miles in extent, surrounds the 
blue-grass region of Middle Tennessee. The counties of 
Macon, Overton, Pickett, Putnam, Clay, Jackson, White, 
Warren, Coffee, Franklin, Lawrence, Wayne, Lewis, Hick- 
man, Humphreys, Dickson, Cheatham, Stewart, Montgom- 
ery, and Robertson, with parts of Perry, Hardin, Sumner, 
Cannon, and DeKalb, compose the Highland Rim. It is a 
splendid agricultural belt. On the eastern edge of the rim 
the grasses grow luxuriantly, and stock raising— including 
cattle, sheep, hogs, horses, and mules— is extensively car- 
ried on. Wheat, corn, and oats are staple products in all 
these counties; fruits and vegetables flourish in all of them, 
and especially on the borders of the table-lands; tobacco 
is a staple crop on the northern part of the rim; and pea- 
nuts are extensively grown in some of the western counties. 

The lands are reasonable in price in all this section, and 
the people are wide awake and progressive. 

The Central Basin 

The area of this basin is 5,450 square miles, embracing 
the counties of Smith, Trousdale, Sumner, Wilson, Ruth- 
erford, Davidson, Bedford, Moore, Lincoln, Giles, Mar- 
shall, Maury, and Williamson. Here the blue grass grows 
spontaneously, and all crops suited to the latitude are 
grov/n with profit. Wheat, corn, oats, barley, timothy, 
herd's grass, clover, and vegetables and fruits are exten- 
sively cultivated. This region is the paradise of every 
kind of live stock, from the thoroughbred hog to the thor- 
oughbred race horse. Manufacturing is increasing, and 

(7) 



agriculture in all its branches is in a flourishing condition. 
The great phosphate beds are located in this basin, and 
in some counties the developments are of marvelous rich- 
ness. The lands are cheaper than lands of like quality 
and productiveness, with equally good and convenient mark- 
ets, anywhere in the world. 

Western Valley of the Tennessee 

The Western Tennessee Valley, 1,200 square miles in 
extent, embraces portions of Hardin, Wayne, McNairy, 
Henderson, Decatur, Humphreys, Benton, Stewart, Hous- 
ton, and Henry. The valley itself is rich and fertile, with 
occasional swampy places; and the valleys of the tribu- 
taries of the Tennessee River are very productive. Corn, 
cotton, oats, grasses, hogs and mules are the principal 
products of this section. Fruits and vegetables thrive well. 
Lands are reasonable in price. 

The Plateau, or Slope, of "West Tennessee 

This area of 8,850 square miles includes the counties of 
Carroll, Madison, Haywood, Hardeman, Gibson, Weak- 
ley, Crockett, and Fayette, with parts of Henry, Hender- 
son, Obion, Tipton, and Shelby. The surface is compar- 
atively level; the soil is light, porous, and siliceous, with a 
quick fertility that adapts it to the growth of cotton, corn, 
wheat, tobacco, clover, and the grasses, and makes it the 
"garden spot" of the State in the production of small 
fruits and vegetables. Tobacco, wheat, corn, oats, peas, 
cattle, horses, and mules are the staple products of the 
northern end of this plateau; while cotton, corn, fruit, 
and vegetables are the chief products of the southern end. 
In the central portion all kinds of grain, clover, and the 
grasses grow well, and the small fruits and vegetables ap- 

(8) 



proximate perfection. Large quantities of fruits and veg- 
etables are grown for the Northern markets, and those 
who have engaged in the business have found it very profit- 
able. Tomatoes, strav/berries, asparagus, and early apples 
and peaches have been especially profitable to growers. 
The shipping facilities are excellent, the markets are con- 
venient, and the lands are low in price compared with 
lands of equally productive capacity in any other part of 
the United States. V/ith Chicago, St. Louis, Louisville, 
and Cincinnati in direct rail comm-unication, from ten to 
twelve hours distant, early fruits and vegetables grov/n in 
this section find a ready market at remunerative prices. 
Diversity of crops enables the farmers who practice that 
system of farming to have something coming into market 
all the year around, though many still adhere to cotton 
as the staple crop. 

There is profit in raising horses and mules, hogs and 
cattle, chickens and turkeys, hay and grain, as well as in 
cotton and fruits and vegetables; and the farmers of this 
section of .the State are every year diversifying more and 
more. There is a notable increase in manufacturing in 
this section, which argues still greater prosperity in the 
future. 

The Mississippi Bottoms 

That portion of the Mississippi Valley proper which 
marks the western border of the State, including the coun- 
ties of Lake, Dyer, Lauderdale, nearly all of Tipton and 
Shelby, and a part of Obion, Crockett, and Haywood, is 
900 square miles in area, and is the richest soil in the 
State. The soil is especially adapted to the growth of 
corn, cotton and the grasses. Its fertility is inexhausti- 
ble, and vegetation grows rank all over it. It was origi- 
nally rich in timber, which has been cut away in a large 
measure and the lands brought into cultivation. Develop- 

(9) 



ment in this section has been rapid in the past decade, and 
it still continues on enlarging lines. While cotton and 
corn are the leading crops, more atention is paid each year 
to fruits and vegetables, grasses and stock. The price of 
land is moderate and the opportunities for profitable in- 
vestment are excellent. 

Educational 

Tennessee is alive to the importance of popular educa- 
tion, and within the last two years has increased her pub- 
lic school fund until the free schools will be open through- 
out the State for six months in the year. In all the cities 
and larger towns graded and high schools are maintained 
equal to those found in any State in the Union. There are 
over 400 private institutions of learning in the State, 
among the most prominent being Vanderbilt University at 
Nashville; Cumberland University at Lebanon; the South- 
v/estern Baptist University at Jackson; the University of 
the South at Sewanee; the University of Tennessee at 
Knoxville; the Southwestern Presbyterian University at 
Clarksville. 

Nashville, the capital of the State, ranks second as an 
educational center in the United States, and Tennessee's 
educational advantages are superior to those of any State 
in the South and Southwest. 

The State tax on property is 35 cents on the $100 for 
general purposes, and 15 cents for schools. The county 
rate is limited to 30 cents on the $100 for general purposes, 
though special taxes may be levied by the counties for 
schools and highways. 

Agriculture 

Tennessee has 25,259,980 acres of land. Tennessee has 
224,623 farms, averaging 90.6 acres to the farm. The value 

( 10 ) 



of the farms, buildings and improvements, with live stock 
and farm implements, is $341,202,025. 

Farm Products 

Corn $28,059,508 

Wheat 7,882,697 

Oats 887,940 

Other cereals 84,447 

Potatoes 817,419 

Sweet Potatoes 883,620 

Onions 106,421 

Beans 57,660 

Peas 767,840 

Value of other vegetables. 3,339,132 

Clover seed 34,145 

Other grass seed 70,332 

Peanuts 392,648 

Fruits 2,193,318 

Hay and forage 6,811,577 

Sorghum cane sold 61,793 

Sorghum sirup 585,336 

Cotton 8,192,642 

Cotton seed 974,046 

Tobacco 2,748,495 

Broom corn ^ 47,252 

Value of forest products 5,086,624 

Miscellaneous _ 660,350 

Total $70,745,242 



Animal Products 

Wool $ 263,779 

Dairy products 8,028,466 

C 11 ) 



Poultry and eggs 7,398,075 

Honey and wax 259,691 

Meat products . 19,471,187 

Total $35,421,198 



Fruit Trees 

There are in the State fruit trees as follows: 

Apple 7,714,053 

Peach 2,749,203 

Apricot, cherry, pear, plum and prune 1,198,286 

Total fruit trees 11,708,629 



Live Stock Statistics 

The live stock on hand, according to the census of 1900, 
are as follows: 

Cattle of all kinds 962,553 

Dairy cows , 351,949 

Horses 391,604 

Mules 264,248 

Sheep 499,277 

Hogs , 2,059,896 

Asses and burros 9,395 

Tennessee grows 55 different vegetables, 24 berries and 
fruits, and 24 herbs, and the varieties of these fruits and 
vegetables are almost infinite. On account of the variety 
of her crops, the fertility of her soil, the salubriousness 
of her climate, the spontaneity of her forage crops, and the 
abundant supply of clear running water, Tennessee offers 
opportunities for profits in the live stock and dairying busi- 
ness equal to the most favored States of the Union. 

( 12 ) 



Manufactttfingf 

A comparative statement of the manufacturing and me- 
chanical industries of the State, as shown by each census 
from 1850 to 1900, shows a remarkable growth during 
that period. The population during that period increased 
from 1,002,717, to 2,020,616, or 101.5 per cent; while the 
average number of wage earners employed increased from 
12,039, to 50,167, or 316.7 per cent. The largest number 
of wage earners employed at any one time in 1900 was 
72,618, or 3.6 per cent of the total population. The cap- 
ital employed increased from $6,527,729 in 1850 to $71,- 
182,966 in 1900; the cost of material used increased 
from $5,166,886 in 1850 to $63,384,665 in 1900, while the 
value of products increased from $9,725,608 in 1850 to 
$107,437,879 in 1900. The capital employed in 1900, com- 
pared with 1890, increased from $51,475,092 to $71,182,966; 
the cost of material used in 1900, compared with 1890, in- 
creased from $40,463,782 to $63,384,665; the value of prod- 
ucts in 1900, compared v/ith 1890, increased from $72,355,- 
286 to $107,437,879; the average number of wage earners 
employed in 1900, compared with 1890, increased from 
37,487 to 50,167. 

The census report for 1900 says: 

"The manufactures of Tennessee are based largely upon 
natural resources. Since 1880 the increase in the more 
important manufactures has been marked. Mineral de- 
posits, including iron and copper ores and coal, largely 
neglected until within the last twenty-five years, are the 
chief causes of this growth. Fields of coal of excellent 
coking quality underlie 5,100 square miles of the State, 
and the production in 1899 amounted to 3,330,659 short 
tons, or nearly twice the production in 1889. In 1899 
Tennessee ranked thirteenth among the States in coal pro- 
duction. 

"Tennessee is traversed by several trunk railways. In 

( 13 ) 



1900 its mileage aggregated 3,137 miles, or 7.51 miles per 
100 square miles of territory, as compared with an aver- 
age of 6.51 miles for the United States. 

"The State also has several navigable rivers. The 
Mississippi River, its western boundary, furnishes com- 
munication with the entire Mississippi Valley. Manu- 
factures are fairly well distributed and diversified, those 
based upon grain and lumber predominating in the cen- 
tral and western sections; those based upon minerals, in 
the eastern part." 

The ten leading industries of the State in 1900 em- 
braced 3,787 establishments, or 47.3 per cent of the total 
number in the State; used a capital of $43,813,589, or 
61.6 per cent of the total; gave employment to 28,478 wage 
earners, or 56.8 per cent of the total number; and paid 
$9,089,597, or 55 per cent of the total wages. 

Floar 

The manufacture of flour-mill and grist-mill products 
is the most important industry in the State. The 1,618 
establishments reported in 1900 gave employment to 1,154 
wage earners, or 2.3 per cent of the wage earners employed 
in the State; and the products were valued at $21,798,929, 
or 20.3 per cent of the total value of the products of the 
State. In 1890 there were 918 establishments, 1,417 wage 
earners, and products valued at $12,474,284. The increase 
in the value of products during the decade was $9,324,645, 
or 74.8 per cent. Tennessee has good water power and 
excellent distributing facilities. Flour and grist-mills are 
found in all parts of the State, though Nashville is the 
chief center of the industry. Knoxville is the milling 
center of the eastern section of the State, and the industry 
is rising into importance at Memphis. 

( 14) 



Lumber 

The manufacture of lumber and timber products ranks 
second among the industries of the State, with 1,732 es- 
tablishments, 11,192 wage earners, and products valued 
at $18,127,784. In 1890 there were 820 establishments, 
7,424 wage earners, and products valued at $9,073,686. 
The increase in the value of products during the decade 
was 19,054,098, or 99.8 per cent. The forests of Tennes- 
see contain many species of trees and are among the best 
in the United States. 

The most valuable timbers in the eastern part of the 
State include oak, ash hickory, maple, poplar, and chest- 
nut. The Tennessee River and its tributaries bring the 
logs from the mountains down to Knoxville and Chatta- 
nooga, which are leading manufacturing points. Nash- 
ville is the principal lumber-manufacturing city in the 
central part of the State. Poplar, the timber most used 
there, is found in comparative abundance in the northern 
and central counties of Eastern and Central Tennessee and 
in the river counties of Western Tennessee. It is adapted 
to all purposes of house building, both for construction and 
outside and inside finish. Oak ranks next in importance. 
Ash is used for the inside finish of houses and for the man- 
ufacture of agricultural implements. For the latter pur- 
pose it ranks next to hickory, which is used almost ex- 
clusively for wagons, carriages, and handles. The scar- 
city of walnut and cherry has led to the increasing use of 
oak, maple, birch, sycamore, and poplar in the manufac- 
ture of furniture. Quantities of these timbers are shipped 
to other States of the Union, to Canada and Mexico, and 
to Great Britain and other European countries. Mem- 
phis is the headquarters of the lumber manufacture in 
West Tennessee. The chief varieties cut in this section 

( IS ) 



are poplar, white oak, ash, hickory, sycamore, and cypress. 
Much of it is shipped to the North in the form of planks 
and staves. 

Iron and Steel 

In 1900 there were 16 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of iron and steel (the industry is third in 
rank), with 1,979 wage earners, and products valued 
at $5,080,624; in 1890 there were 15 establishments, 1,472 
wage earners, and products valued at $4,247,868. The in- 
crease in the value of products during the decade was 
$832,756, or 19.6 per cent. This industry has been stimu- 
lated by abundant deposits of fuel and ore. Coking coal 
of excellent quality is found in the Cumberland region, 
the State in 1899 being sixth in rank among the coke- 
producing States, with a production of 380,525 short tons. 
This was an increase of 23,561 tons, or 6.6 per cent, over 
the production of 1889. 

The three chief iron-producing districts correspond in 
a general way to the location of the iron-ore deposits. 
The Eastern District comprises the counties of Johnson, 
Sullivan, and Washington; the Chattanooga District, the 
most important of the three, includes the counties of 
Roane, Rhea, Hamilton, Marion, and Franklin; and the 
Central District, the counties of Montgomery, Stewart, 
Dickson, Hickman, Lewis, Lawrence, and Wayne. The 
furnaces in the last-named district rely chiefly upon char- 
coal, though some of them have recently begun the use of 
coke. 

Foundries and Machine Shops 

In 1900 there were 95 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of foundry and machine-shop products, with 
3,146 wage earners, and products valued at $4,074,509; in 
1890 there were 68 establishments, 2,620 wage earners, 

( 16 ) 



and products valued at $4,427,187. The decrease in the 
value of products during the decade was $352, G78, or 8 
per cent. 

Textiles 

In 1900 there were 72 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of textiles, with 4,251 wage earners, and 
products valued at $3,907,279; in 1890 there were 69 es- 
tablishments, 3,051 wage earners, and products valued at 
$3,724,138. The increase in the value of products during 
the decade was $183,141, or 4.9 per cent. 

Tennessee possesses facilities for the ordinary textile 
manufactures, the eastern section being well adapted to 
the production of wool. Knoxville has a large woolen 
mill, and small woolen mills are scattered over the eastern 
and central sections. No factories for the manufacture 
of hosiery and knit goods were reported in 1890; in 1900 
there were 4. 

Railroad Shops 

In 1900 there were V6 establishments engaged in car 
construction and general shop work of steam railroad 
companies, with 2,817 wage earners, and products valued 
at $3,113,053; in 1890 there were 10 establishments, 1,772 
wage earners, and products valued at §1,605, 778. The in- 
crease in the value of products during the decade was 
$1,507,275, or 93.9 per cent. 

Tobacco 

In 1900 there were 92 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of tobacco, with 1,237 wage earners, and 
products valued at $3,010,602; in 1890 there were 54 es- 

( 17) 



tablishments, 700 wage earners, and products valued at 
$853,529. The increase in the value of products during 
the decade was $2,157,073, or 252.7 per cent. In addition 
to the ordinary varieties, Tennessee produces several kinds 
of fine tobaccos, the most important being the bright to- 
baccos of Greene County and the fine red shipping tobaccos 
of the Clarksville District. 

Cottonseed Oil 

In 1900 there were 17 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of cotton-seed oil and cake, with 751 wage 
earners, and products valued at $2,980,041; in 1890 there 
were 15 establishments, 1,030 wage earners, and products 
valued at $2,504,741. The increase in the value of prod- 
ucts during the decade was $475,300, or 19 per cent. The 
industry is carried on most extensively in the western sec- 
tion of the State, centering at Memphis. 

Leather 

In 1900 there were 44 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of leather, with 803 wage earners, and prod- 
ucts valued at $2,802,117; in 1890 there were 60 estab- 
lishments, 612 wage earners, and products valued at $1,- 
266,556. The increase in the value of products during the 
decade was $1,535,561, or 121.2 per cent. 



Planingf Mills 



In 1900 there were 85 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of planing-mill products, with 1,148 wage 
earners, and products valued at $2,273,457; in 1890 there 

( 18 ) 



were 73 establishments, 1,498 wage earners, and products 
valued at $3,450,243. The decrease in the value of prod- 
ucts during- the decade v/as $1,176,786, or 34.1 per cent.. 

Mines and Mining 

Tennessee has 5,100 square miles of coal, the largest 
undeveloped coal field in the United States. 

Tennessee has 164 coal mines. 

Tennessee produced in 1903 4,810,758 short tons of coal. 
In 1890 the product was 3,330,659. 

Tennessee has 16 coking establishments with 2,421 ovens. 

Tennessee produced in 1899 380,525 short tons of coke 
and in 1903 she produced 1,013,531 tons. 

Tennessee produced 724,264 tons of iron in 1903, and 
there is a vast field in the State for development. 

Tennessee produced 14,185 tons of barytes in 1903, and 
there is a great field here for capital. 

Tennessee produced in 1903, 370,278 tons of copper ore 
and 13,668,389 pounds of refined copper, and the copper in- 
dustry is in its infancy. 

Tennessee produced in 1903, 1,000 tons of fiuor spar 
and the field is large. 

Tennessee produced in 1903, 1,004 tons of lead and zinc- 
blende, and these industries are only beginning. 

Tennessee produced in 1903, 321,000 cubic feet of marble 
and could produce millions. 

Tennessee produced in 1903, 445,510 long tons of phos- 
phate, and immense fields are awaiting development. 

Total value of mineral products for 1903, $11,411,497. 
Expended for labor, $6,154,067. Increase in value of prod- 
ucts over 1902, $1,266,974. 

The growth of the mining and manufacturing interests 

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in the Stale since the census of 1900 was taken is unprece- 
dented The report of the Commissioner of Labor for 1903 
shows a remarkable increase year by year, the last year 
showing the greatest increase in any year in the history 
of the State. The development in every line of industry 
shows a vigorous, healthy and steady progress, and the tide 
is rising higher and getting stronger year by year. 

Development of the mineral resources of the State has 
only begun. The opportunities for the profitable invest- 
ment of capital in Tennessee are unsurpassed anywhere 
in the United States. The State has a great future, and 
the progress made in 1903 is the greatest in the history 
of the State. 




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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




